This is partly a function of the fact that, in 2009, President Jacob Zuma refused to entertain the idea of a […] More focused and gradual steps that are carefully executed at the domestic level may be the best place to start. Africa’s Regional Integration Index is measuring an Africa on the move. 3. of Africa’s development. Since countries are free to negotiate regional economic agreements as they wish, in practice, formal agreements rarely fall neatly into one of these five stages. Regional integration efforts, however, need to go hand in hand with competitiveness-enhancing policies as explored in other parts of the Africa Competitiveness Report. peaceful region by supporting both public and private sector actors engaged in the regional integration process. FIFA World Cup notwithstanding, the answer for now seems to be “not so well” In 2010, while it remains an issue of critical importance, racial integration in South Africa has no empirical reference point. Middle East and Africa: AEC. However, success in this venture has been slow and marred by delay and stagnation. South-Sudan, recognized by the African Union (AU), has indicated its commitment to be an active player in regional organizations. Helpful comments by Ademola Oyejide and Daniel Bach are gratefully acknowledged. Africa’s challenges call for pragmatism and a sense of urgency in action. Deep trade agreements are important institutional infrastructure for regional integration. The importance of regional integration is being felt across the continent, as evidenced by African leaders now calling for a free trade area by 2017. With no single agreed regional peace and security forum, none plays “the uncontested role of custodian of norms, forum for conflict management, and arbiter of disputes”. Africa’s roadmap for regional economic integration Looking at the Horn of Africa, some find that it demands “not only a multilateral approach, but also an approach of multiple and overlapping multilateralisms”. Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD) The African Economic Community (AEC) is an organization of the African Union states. Regional integration is a development priority for Africa. REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN SOUTHERN AFRICA Overview of Recent Developments Lolette Kritzinger-van Niekerk Emmanuel Pinto Moreira December 2002 The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author(s). Signed in 1991 and implemented in 1994, it provides for a staged integration of the regional economic agreements. For regional integration in Africa to be a success, Africa’s leaders will have to move beyond grand gestures and abstract visions. According to the perspective of the Yearbook Monitoring Regional Integration in Southern Africa (Volume 8, 2008) Regional integration has been considered an important and successful tool of economic growth and development. They reduce trade costs and define many rules in which economies operate. Eastern Africa has the largest number of RECs and intergovernmental regional bodies in Africa. In some cases, this can lead to confusion in terminology and on the state of regional economic integration of a specific bloc. It is tracking the data that is driving Africa’s economic growth now and in the years to come. 2. Africa’s Regional Integration Arrangements History and Challenges Tesfaye Dinka and Walter Kennes1 September 2007 1 Tesfaye Dinka is with the Global Coalition for Africa and Walter Kennes is with the Development Directorate-General of the European Commission. 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