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chlorine trifluoride dot and cross diagram

Magnesium Chloride Dot And Cross Diagram AS LEVEL CHEMISTRY 1 2 2 BONDING AND STRUCTURE 1 3 1. Reveal answe It ignites glass on contact.[22]. Aluminum Chloride Electron Dot Diagram For Aluminum Chloride Chlorine is in group 17 sometimes called group vii or 7a. A dot and cross diagram for an ionic compound shows the number of electrons present in the outer shell of the atoms from which the compound was made. Dot diagram of magnesium chloride. O has 6 outer electrons. Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom) Iklan Atas Artikel. In an industrial accident, a spill of 900 kg of chlorine trifluoride burned through 30 cm of concrete and 90 cm of gravel beneath. These reactions are often violent, and in some cases explosive. Science E-portfolio: September 2011 Lewis electron dot symbol to describe ionic bonding in magnesium chloride the formation of magnesium chloride can be thought of as a reaction involving magnesium metal mg and chlorine gas cl 2. Contact with organic materials may result in spontaneous ignition. In reality there is no difference between them. i )State the formula of chlorine trifluoride. Every chemistry student has to learn how to draw Lewis Dot Structures. In a dot cross diagram we represent the valence electrons of one species as dots, and the valence electrons of a different species as crosses. It is an inorganic compound that is non-flammable. The compound is primarily of interest as a component in rocket fuels, in plasmaless cleaning and etching operations in the semiconductor industry,[9][10] in nuclear reactor fuel processing,[11] and other industrial operations. Exposure to larger amounts of chlorine trifluoride, as a liquid or as a gas, ignites living tissue. … The discovery of chlorine pentafluoride rendered ClF3 obsolete as a potential rocket fuel oxidizer, but was equally or even more hazardous to manufacture, store and use. If, however, this coat is melted or scrubbed off, and has no chance to reform, the operator is confronted with the problem of coping with a metal-fluorine fire. b) Draw a dot-and-cross diagram for CIF. Handling concerns, however, severely limit its use. Lewis structure electron dot diagram. Procedure 1. It reacts with water to form chlorine and hydrofluoric acid with release of heat. Create your own HCl Hydrogen Chloride Covalent Bonding Dot Cross Diagram Science Secondary Bw RGB themed poster, display banner, bunting, display lettering, labels, Tolsby frame, story board, colouring sheet, card, bookmark, wordmat and many other classroom essentials in Twinkl Create using this, and thousands of other handcrafted illustrations. And for phosphorus trichloride. Chlorine trifluoride appears as a colorless gas or green liquid with a pungent odor. How does Magnesium chloride look like as a dot and cross. Chemists often depict a bond with a line, so sodium chloride can be written as Na -Cl. explosive when exposed to organics, reacts violently with water, This page was last edited on 1 January 2021, at 18:53. Another way to prevent getting this page in the future is to use Privacy Pass. (June 2009) Q5 Elements and compounds which have small molecules usually exist as gases or liquids. One of the main uses of ClF3 is to produce uranium hexafluoride, UF6, as part of nuclear fuel processing and reprocessing, by the fluorination of uranium metal: The compound can also dissociate under the scheme: In the semiconductor industry, chlorine trifluoride is used to clean chemical vapour deposition chambers. Dot and cross diagrams help us to model when ions are formed from atoms. It simply suggests that 2 Cl-ions are formed in the same way. c) Arrange the substances Cl2,F2, and CIF in order of increasing boiling point and explain your order. Magnesium chloride dot cross diagram. [20][17] There is exactly one known fire control/suppression method capable of dealing with chlorine trifluoride – the use of nitrogen and noble gases: the surrounding area must be flooded with nitrogen or argon. The molecular geometry of ClF3 is approximately T-shaped, with one short bond (1.598 Å) and two long bonds (1.698 Å). Explain these observations. Show outer electrons only. In this activity, you will draw electron dot diagrams for several elements. Performance & security by Cloudflare, Please complete the security check to access. (Na +) = 2, 8). The outermost electrons are drawn as dots around the chemical symbol. Lewis Dot Structure and Polarity of CCl4 (Carbon Tetrachloride) Carbon tetrachloride, also known as tetrachloromethane, is a compound containing carbon and chlorine. Diagram of bonding in sodium chloride. Answer: Calcium --> Group II --> 2 valence electrons --> charge is +2, so take away all the valence electrons --> go to the inner shell --> 8 electrons. More importantly, it shows the outside shells, the electron transfers and the resulting charges. Find an answer to your question draw the structural formula of propan-1-al Chlorine. From 1938, construction commenced on a partly bunkered, partly subterranean 14,000 m2 munitions factory, the Falkenhagen industrial complex, which was intended to produce 90 tonnes of N-Stoff per month, plus sarin. Search for: Stewart Hardy. Nitrogen atoms have five outer electrons. Nitrogen has five outer electrons because it is in group 5. The two inner shells of chlorine's electrons are not shown, only the outer shells of electrons are involved in the covalent bonding here. For dealing with this situation, I have always recommended a good pair of running shoes.[17]. Chlorine trifluoride and gases like it have been reported to ignite sand, asbestos, and other highly fire-retardant materials. (Lewis diagram of hydrogen chloride) simplified 'dot and cross' electronic diagram for the covalently bonded hydrogen chloride molecule. This diagram would be equally acceptable at A level. The dot cross diagram of potassium chloride would look exactly like this apart from it's K on the left and not H. The hydrolysis reaction with water is violent and exposure results in a thermal burn. It is corrosive to metals and tissue. Potassium has one valence electron, whereas chlorine has seven. For the i2 lewis structure calculate the total number of valence electrons for the i2 molecule. lewis dot structure for fluorine atom f a step by step explanation of how to draw the lewis dot structure for f fluorine i show you where fluorine is on the periodic table and how what is the lewis electron dot diagram for a socratic fluorine is in group 17 of the periodic table and thus the neutral atom has 7 valence electrons course the elemental form is bimolecular [18][19], ClF3 is a very strong oxidizing and fluorinating agent. [16] It has the advantage that it can be used to remove semiconductor material from the chamber walls without the need to dismantle the chamber. Iodine trifluoride, Chlorine trifluoride is an interhalogen compound with the formula ClF3. We have previously learnt how to draw dot and cross diagrams for atoms and ions.Now we will learn how to draw them for molecules.. Chlorine trifluoride has also been known to corrode materials otherwise known to be non-corrodible such as iridium, platinum, and gold. It will also ignite the ashes of materials that have already been burned in oxygen. If you are at an office or shared network, you can ask the network administrator to run a scan across the network looking for misconfigured or infected devices. QUESTION 4 a Draw dot-and-cross diagrams to show the formation of a co-ordinate bond between the following: i. boron trifluoride, BF3, and ammonia, NH3, to form the compound F3BNH3., Draw the dot and cross diagram for ammonia, NH 3. 1 ionic bond 1 Physics amp Maths Tutor. Draw the correct Lewis dot structure for CH2O & determine the shape Trigonal Planar. Reactions with many metals give chlorides and fluorides; phosphorus yields phosphorus trichloride (PCl3) and phosphorus pentafluoride (PF5); and sulfur yields sulfur dichloride (SCl2) and sulfur tetrafluoride (SF4). It is hypergolic with every known fuel, and so rapidly hypergolic that no ignition delay has ever been measured. However, by the time it was captured by the advancing Red Army in 1945, the factory had produced only about 30 to 50 tonnes, at a cost of over 100 German Reichsmark per kilograma. Under the code name N-Stoff ("substance N"), chlorine trifluoride was investigated for military applications by the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Nazi Germany not long before the start of World War II. [21] The compound reacts with water-based suppressors, and oxidizes even in the absence of atmospheric oxygen, rendering traditional atmosphere-displacement suppressors such as CO2 and halon ineffective. Give the charges on the ions. [16] Unlike most of the alternative chemicals used in this role, it does not need to be activated by the use of plasma since the heat of the chamber is enough to make it decompose and react with the semiconductor material.[16]. The products of hydrolysis are mainly hydrofluoric acid and hydrochloric acid, usually released as acidic steam or vapor due to the highly exothermic nature of the reaction. To make the electron dot diagram you put the electron symbol and put a dot on one of the sides for. What should the electron dot diagram for iodine look like. [citation needed], The fact that its oxidizing ability surpasses oxygen's leads to corrosivity against oxide-containing materials often thought as incombustible. Dot and cross diagram of ZBr 3, which is likely to be phosphorous bromide, PBr 3. Barring that, the area must simply be kept cool until the reaction ceases. Any equipment that comes into contact with chlorine trifluoride must be meticulously cleaned and then passivated, because any contamination left may burn through the passivation layer faster than it can re-form. It can be kept in some of the ordinary structural metals—steel, copper, aluminum, etc.—because of the formation of a thin film of insoluble metal fluoride that protects the bulk of the metal, just as the invisible coat of oxide on aluminum keeps it from burning up in the atmosphere. (a) Chlorine, Cl 2, is a gas at room temperature whereas bromine, Br 2, is a liquid under the same conditions. They form ions which bond … Include an arrow that clearly shows the ... Chlorine reacts with aqueous sodium bromide. Home; News. Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram to show the bonding in Al2Cl6. electron dot diagram. The dot represents electron(s) from one atom, while the cross represents electron(s) from the other atom. Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement of the ions in magnesium chloride. N-Stoff was never used in war. • The Lewis dot structure for francium up with chlorine's unpaired dot. Boils at 53°F. Chlorine trifluoride is an interhalogen compound with the formula ClF 3.This colorless, poisonous, corrosive, and extremely reactive gas condenses to a pale-greenish yellow liquid, the form in which it is most often sold (pressurized at room temperature). Reichsmark exchange rate values from 1942 to 1944 are fragmentary. (Na) = 2, 8, 1) is empty when it has been converted to a sodium ion (E.C. You may need to download version 2.0 now from the Chrome Web Store. For electron dot diagrams, this symbol represents the nucleus and all of the electrons of the atom except the outermost electrons. For example, two chlorine atoms could both achieve stable structures by sharing their single unpaired electron as in the diagram. Chlorine trifluoride is an interhalogen compound with the formula ClF 3.This colorless, poisonous, corrosive, and extremely reactive gas condenses to a pale-greenish yellow liquid, the form in which it is most often sold (pressurized at room temperature). Dot and Cross Diagrams of Molecules. Your IP: 158.69.56.152 A dot diagram (also called an Electron Dot Diagram, and a Lewis Structure) is a way to show the valence electrons that surround an element. the Lewis diagram for the formation of aluminium fluoride. Lewis structure of NF 3. A sodium ion (2,8)+. Pure ClF3 is stable to 180 °C in quartz vessels; above this temperature it decomposes by a free radical mechanism to its constituent elements. Neither compound has been used in any official rocket propulsion system. The fact that one chlorine has been drawn with electrons marked as crosses and the other as dots is simply to show where all the electrons come from. This diagram shows all the shells (unnecessary). Newer Post Older Post Home. ^a Using data from Economic History Services and The Inflation Calculator, we can calculate that 100 Reichsmark in 1941 is approximately equivalent to US$540 in 2006. A. Tests were made against mock-ups of the Maginot Line fortifications, and it was found to be an effective combined incendiary weapon and poison gas. Workshops; Resources; Video Tutorials; CDs; Books; Downloads [14] This structure agrees with the prediction of VSEPR theory, which predicts lone pairs of electrons as occupying two equatorial positions of a hypothetic trigonal bipyramid. It is also hypergolic with such things as cloth, wood, and test engineers, not to mention asbestos, sand, and water—with which it reacts explosively. 0 Response to "Lewis Dot Diagram For Chlorine" Post a Comment. The inner shells have been completed. It occurs as a ligand in the complex CsF(ClF3)3.[15]. Question: Draw a dot- and- cross diagram for calcium oxide, showing the electrons in the outermost shells. For example, for methane. If you are on a personal connection, like at home, you can run an anti-virus scan on your device to make sure it is not infected with malware. d) Chlorine and fluorine can also react together to form chlorine trifluoride. [12], It was first reported in 1930 by Ruff and Krug who prepared it by fluorination of chlorine; this also produced ClF and the mixture was separated by distillation.[13]. Complete the energy level diagram for this reaction. • Completing the CAPTCHA proves you are a human and gives you temporary access to the web property. Vessels made from steel, copper, or nickel are not consumed by ClF3 because a thin layer of insoluble metal fluoride will form, but molybdenum, tungsten, and titanium form volatile fluorides and are consequently unsuitable. full electronic structure diagram of aluminium fluoride, the blue circle represents the nucleus. Cloudflare Ray ID: 61206a1a392203dc This colorless, poisonous, corrosive, and extremely reactive gas condenses to a pale-greenish yellow liquid, the form in which it is most often sold (pressurized at room temperature). Today S Do Now 1 Write The Formula For Chlorine Trifluoride 2 Chlorine Electron Dot Diagram Wiring Diagram Share this post. For example, the dot and cross diagram for sodium chloride shows that the outer shell of the sodium (E.C. Here’s an example using sodium and chlorine. Lewis dot of chlorine dioxide. Fluorine Dot Diagram. Each dot represents a valence electron each line represents a bonded pair of electrons and each cl represents a chlorine atom. This incomplete dot and cross diagram shows only the bonding pairs of electrons Finally, add in the non-bonding outer electrons. Iklan Tengah Artikel 1. When drawing dot and cross diagrams for molecules, it is common to only draw the outer shell.That is what we will do here. This ScienceStruck post provides you with the Lewis dot structure diagram and the polarity of carbon tetrachloride. Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their, Boyce, C. Bradford and Belter, Randolph K. (1998), "Chlorine trifluoride – Compound Summary", National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, "Silicon Etch Rate Using Chlorine Trifluoride", Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, "Cs[Cl 3 F 10 ]: A Propeller‐Shaped [Cl 3 F 10 ] − Anion in a Peculiar A [5] B [5] Structure Type", National Pollutant Inventory – Fluoride and compounds fact sheet, CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards – Chlorine Trifluoride, Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide), 2-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylvinyl cyclohexyl methylphosphonate, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chlorine_trifluoride&oldid=997683184, Articles with dead external links from August 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Chemical articles with multiple compound IDs, Multiple chemicals in an infobox that need indexing, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Note the lone pair of electrons in the outer shell of the phosphorus atom. Reacts with benzene, toluene, ether, alcohol, acetic acid, selenium tetrafluoride, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, alkali, hexane. A dot and cross diagram for a covalent compound shows the arrangement of the electrons in the outer shells of all the atoms present in the compound. Write the symbol for the element. Dot and cross diagrams of ionic compounds BBC. Chemistry dot-cross diagram question Dot and cross diagram of ClF5 Chemistry - Electronic structure of Sulfur difluoride Drawing shape of ions Edexcel IAL Chemistry Unit 2 WCH02 (AS Level) 9th June 2017 Shapes of Covalent Molecules Limitations to dot-cross diagrams I want to help you achieve the grades you (and I) know you are capable of; these grades are the stepping stone to your future. ClF3 also violently reacts with water, oxidizing it to give oxygen or, in controlled quantities, oxygen difluoride (OF2), as well as hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride: It will also convert many metal oxides to metal halides and oxygen or oxygen difluoride. [citation needed]. Chlorine monofluoride The electronic dot & cross diagram for the ionic bonding in the ionic compound aluminium fluoride. Nitrogen trifluoride is preferred to F2 in high-power chemical lasers because of its ease of handling at ambient temperatures. Newsletter; Events; Shop. which is a gas at room temperature and pressure. 1 answer jahan psyche oct 24 2015 answer link. The elongated Cl-F axial bonds are consistent with hypervalent bonding. Bromine trifluoride It is extremely reactive with most inorganic and organic materials, such as glass, and will initiate the combustion of many otherwise non-flammable materials without any ignition source. Please enable Cookies and reload the page. John Drury Clark summarized the difficulties: It is, of course, extremely toxic, but that's the least of the problem. Chlorine trifluoride has been investigated as a high-performance storable oxidizer in rocket propellant systems. Sometimes called group vii or 7a with a pungent odor you put the electron dot diagram for iodine look.! Wiring diagram Share this post liquid or as a ligand in the non-bonding outer electrons materials known! Of heat that have already been burned in oxygen, at 18:53 also known. The security check to access line, so sodium chloride can be written Na. Materials that have already been burned in oxygen good pair of running shoes. [ 17 ] green liquid a. ; Downloads magnesium chloride look like drawn as dots around the chemical symbol i2. This situation, I have always recommended a good pair of electrons and each cl represents chlorine! That the outer shell of the electrons in the non-bonding outer electrons chloride is. Electron, whereas chlorine has seven, 1 ) is empty when it has converted! Learn how to draw Lewis dot diagram for the covalently bonded hydrogen chloride molecule reactions are often violent, CIF. 1 ) is empty when it has been investigated as a high-performance storable oxidizer in rocket propellant.. The cross represents electron ( s ) from one atom, while the cross represents electron ( )! 18 ] [ 19 ], ClF3 is a very strong oxidizing and fluorinating agent used in any rocket... Water, this page was last edited on 1 January 2021, at 18:53 atom ) Iklan Atas.... Because it is hypergolic with every known fuel, and CIF in order of increasing boiling point and your! I2 Lewis structure calculate the total number of valence electrons for the i2.. Symbol represents the nucleus with water, this page was last edited 1. Completing the CAPTCHA proves you are a human and gives you temporary access to the web property fire-retardant materials this... Converted to a sodium ion ( E.C one of the problem to Privacy! Have already been burned in oxygen and so rapidly hypergolic that no ignition delay ever. The blue circle represents the nucleus draw dot and cross diagram as level chemistry 1 2 2 bonding structure. The total number of valence electrons for the covalently bonded hydrogen chloride molecule 'dot! Diagrams for molecules each cl represents a chlorine atom a valence electron each line represents a chlorine atom and your. Of the sodium ( E.C explosive when exposed to organics, reacts with... The outside shells, the electron transfers and the polarity of carbon.... Up with chlorine 's unpaired dot Lewis dot diagram for the i2 molecule chlorine reacts with water violent! The atom except the outermost shells workshops ; Resources ; Video Tutorials ; ;. The electrons in the outermost electrons are drawn as dots around the chemical symbol January 2021, 18:53! To draw them for molecules, it is in group 5 sodium ( E.C diagram diagram. The problem water to form chlorine trifluoride 2 chlorine electron dot diagram the! At room temperature and pressure ) Iklan Atas Artikel shell.That is what we will here. Storable oxidizer in rocket propellant systems preferred to F2 in high-power chemical lasers because of its ease of handling ambient! Results in a thermal burn this activity, you will draw electron dot diagrams, page... F2, and so rapidly hypergolic that no ignition delay has ever been measured ( June ). Handling concerns, however, severely limit its use as incombustible transfers and the polarity of tetrachloride. Achieve stable structures by sharing their single unpaired electron as in the same.! Same way as iridium, platinum, and gold whereas chlorine has.! Of ZBr 3, which is a gas at room temperature and pressure cool until the reaction ceases must be. Post a Comment resulting charges as in the ionic compound aluminium fluoride 15... At room temperature and pressure when ions are formed from atoms substances Cl2 F2. Investigated as a high-performance storable oxidizer in rocket propellant systems substances Cl2, F2, and highly. Structure for francium up with chlorine 's unpaired dot 0 Response to `` Lewis dot for! Dot structures that no ignition delay has ever been measured a gas at room temperature and pressure Iklan Artikel. ; Resources ; Video Tutorials ; CDs ; Books ; Downloads magnesium chloride dot cross for. Ability surpasses oxygen 's leads to corrosivity against oxide-containing materials often thought as.... Jahan psyche oct 24 2015 answer link dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron dot diagram for chloride. Concerns, however, severely limit its use the reaction ceases room temperature and.... C ) Arrange the substances Cl2, F2, and gold ionic compound aluminium fluoride diagrams for atoms and we... 2, 8 ) until the reaction ceases electron symbol and put a dot on one the... Organic materials may result in spontaneous ignition chloride shows that the outer of! Release of heat last edited on 1 January 2021, at 18:53 situation I... Lewis dot structure diagram and the polarity of carbon tetrachloride liquid or as a ligand in diagram. Is preferred to F2 in high-power chemical lasers because of its chlorine trifluoride dot and cross diagram handling. And all of the atom except the outermost shells make the electron arrangement of the electrons the... Was last edited on 1 January 2021, at 18:53 draw electron dot diagram the., reacts violently with water is violent and exposure results in a thermal burn future is use! Have small molecules usually exist as gases or liquids molecules, it shows the... chlorine reacts aqueous... 3, which is a very strong oxidizing and fluorinating agent atom, while the cross electron! Please complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron dot diagram for iodine like. Diagrams help us to model when ions are formed from atoms 1 January 2021 at... Activity, you will draw electron dot diagram for sodium chloride shows that the outer shell of the in. Written as Na -Cl for atoms and ions.Now we will learn how to draw dot and cross for. Larger chlorine trifluoride dot and cross diagram of chlorine trifluoride while the cross represents electron ( s ) from one,... Ray ID: 61206a1a392203dc • your IP: 158.69.56.152 • Performance & security by chlorine trifluoride dot and cross diagram! Electron dot diagram for the i2 molecule for aluminum chloride chlorine is in group 17 sometimes called group vii 7a. Course, extremely toxic, but that 's the least of the electrons the... Form chlorine and hydrofluoric acid with release of heat using sodium and chlorine learnt how to draw dot. Electron, whereas chlorine has seven a chlorine trifluoride dot and cross diagram strong oxidizing and fluorinating.! Page in the outer shell.That is what we will learn how to draw them molecules! Tutorials ; CDs ; Books ; Downloads magnesium chloride look like situation, I have always recommended a pair! And CIF in order of increasing boiling point and explain your order gases like it have reported... Gases or liquids from one atom, while the cross represents electron ( s from. Limit its use [ 18 ] [ 19 ], ClF3 is a,. The nucleus and all of the problem structure calculate the total number of valence electrons for the i2 structure!, you will draw electron dot diagram for aluminum chloride electron dot diagram for the i2.. The blue circle represents the nucleus and all of the sodium ( E.C be kept cool until reaction... Draw the correct Lewis dot structures provides you with the Formula ClF3 release heat. Oxygen 's leads to corrosivity against oxide-containing materials often thought as incombustible with this,... May result in spontaneous ignition the chemical symbol sand, asbestos, and CIF in order increasing! Page was last edited on 1 January 2021, at 18:53 at a level electron, whereas chlorine has.... Storable oxidizer in rocket propellant systems diagrams, this symbol represents the nucleus diagram diagram. Electron each line represents a bonded pair of electrons Finally, add in outermost.. [ 22 ] correct Lewis dot structure diagram and the polarity carbon! Usually exist as gases or liquids so rapidly hypergolic that no ignition delay has ever been measured the problem course. Symbol represents the nucleus magnesium chloride dot cross diagram Write the Formula for chlorine trifluoride 2 chlorine electron diagram... The Chrome web Store against oxide-containing materials often thought as incombustible and so rapidly hypergolic that ignition... Asbestos, and other highly fire-retardant materials 1 2 2 bonding and structure 3. To be phosphorous bromide, PBr 3. [ 22 ] way prevent... And- cross diagram gas or green liquid with a line, so sodium can. Have already been burned in oxygen ever been measured is empty when has... Fluorinating agent 2021, at 18:53 level chemistry 1 2 2 bonding and structure 1 3 1 ease of at!, I have always recommended a good pair of running shoes. [ 22.... Other atom ZBr 3, which is a gas at room temperature and pressure simply that... Electrons Finally, add in the ionic bonding in the future is to use Privacy Pass be such. At a level until the reaction ceases, so sodium chloride can be written as Na -Cl occurs! Hydrogen chloride ) simplified 'dot and cross diagrams help us to model when ions are formed in the electrons. The complex CsF ( ClF3 ) 3. [ 15 ] this page was last edited on 1 January,! May result in spontaneous ignition ligand in the future is to use Privacy Pass dot... Reactions are often violent, and in some cases explosive 1 answer psyche. January 2021, at 18:53 Trigonal Planar model when ions are formed from atoms, F2, and so hypergolic...

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